Alkmaar

Site of missionary work of Willibrord and Adalbert in the 8th century and was fishing village in 10th century. Sacked by Frisians in 1132 and again in 1517. Granted a charter in 1248 by Count Willem II. In 1573, the town withstood a siege by Spanish troops who had captured Haarlem. Canals were dug from 1573-1594.