Overview
This collection of objects belonged to Nancy Rule, and it materialises aspects of her childhood, working life, and experiences as a sole parent. The objects are modest remnants of Nancy’s extraordinary experiences, but she treasured these items throughout her life.
Nancy Rule
Nancy was born in 1923, and lived with her mother Sarah Maud Rule (née Jameson) on a poultry farm in Upper Hutt and then in Levin. Nancy began working in domestic service when she was twelve years old, and she later found employment in local hotels as a waitress and maid. In 1946 she joined the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC), and she served the Corps until 1950.
The Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps
The WAAC had been established in July 1942, partly in response to the increased threat of Japanese invasion after the Fall of Singapore. Women had been volunteering in camps and other military establishments since the outbreak of war, but the establishment of the WAAC reflected a decision to employ women in the Army wherever possible and release men for active service or industry.
The WAAC became a permanent part of the Army in 1948, becoming the New Zealand Women’s Army Corps. For part of her service Nancy managed the mess hall at Trentham, and the buttons and hat pin included in this collection are remnants of her army uniform. The stripes indicate that she had been promoted to the rank of Sergeant by the time of her discharge.
During her time in the army Nancy met a man with whom she had a relationship. He made her the metal stripes included in the collection as a sweetheart keepsake. He was married with three children and was not able to support her, but Nancy nevertheless decided to have a baby by him and raise the child with the help of her mother. Her daughter Glenda was born in 1952.
Single Mothers in the Mid-Twentieth Century
This was a very unusual decision, for as Sue Kedgley explains in Mum’s the Word, single mothers in the 1950s were still looked down upon as fallen women. ‘Few women were brave enough to endure the stigma of being an unmarried mother, or able to bring a child up on their own without any assistance. The post-war nuclear family ideology insisted that children needed a breadwinning father and a stay-at-home mother’ (Kedgley 1996, 185). Many women felt they had little choice but to give their babies up for adoption, and those that did decide to raise their children on their own faced significant financial barriers.
Nancy was aware of the social stigma attached to being a single mother, and she would wear gloves to Glenda’s school events so that no one would know she wasn’t wearing a ring. She did not, however, let that stigma dictate how she lived her life, and Glenda remembers her childhood as a fantastic one thanks largely to her mother.
Nancy always made sure that Glenda had the things she needed, and the gloves, slippers and book bag in this collection are examples of items that Nancy either made or purchased for Glenda. After her time in the army Nancy worked as a cook at the local fire station, and then for more than 25 years as a postal worker. Glenda’s grandmother Maudie looked after her during the day while Nancy was working. The three generations lived together until 1968, when Maudie was tragically killed in a traffic accident.
Nancy passed away in October 2016, aged ninety-three. As Glenda explains, she was a strong woman who left a light footprint, and this small collection is the only material she left behind. These are modest remnants of an extraordinary life, and they enable us to explore aspects of both motherhood and childhood in the mid-twentieth century.
Further Reading
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Brookes, Barbara. 2016. A History of New Zealand Women. Wellington: Bridget Williams Books.
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Hall, D.O.W. 1948. Women at War. Wellington: Historial Publications Branch.
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Kedgley, Sue. 1996. Mum's the Word: The Untold Story of Motherhood in New Zealand. Auckland: Random House New Zealand.
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Patterson, Lesley. 2018. 'Parenting - Marriage, separation and sole parenting.' Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Reviewed and revised 29 April 2018. https://teara.govt.nz/en/parenting/page-3