HIV Self-Test kit

This HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) self-test kit demonstrates the radical shift in HIV testing technology since the virus associated with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) was first identified in 1983.

The first HIV antibody test was developed in 1985. The test was not as accurate as later tests, and it was generally used to test blood supplies, not individuals. In 1987, a more accurate test became available, but it took a nerve-wracking two weeks to get a result. Getting tested in the early years of the AIDS epidemic was a fearful experience as there was so much stigma around the disease and a positive result could mean a death sentence.

New Zealand AIDS Foundation

The New Zealand AIDS Foundation was established in 1985, and opened clinics in Auckland (Burnett Centre in 1986), Wellington (Āwhina Centre) and Christchurch (Te Toka), where people could safely and confidentially get tested. Or, if they were lucky, they might be able to get tested by a ‘friendly’ and knowledgeable General Practitioner. However, men who had sex with men were wary of approaching their family GP, particularly before homosexual law reform in 1986.

HIV self-testing

Now, the waiting period between testing and results has been drastically reduced. Rapid testing processes can begin with an oral swab (as in this kit), and results can be obtained in 20 minutes, although a positive result requires confirmation by a more conventional method of testing.

In 2020, the New Zealand AIDS Foundation agreed to trial a home-based self-test. People can now order a home test online. Delivered in discreet packaging, the home test consists of an oral mouth swab (no finger pricks or blood), with a 98% accurate result usually available in 20 minutes. If the result is positive, post-test counselling can be provided by NZAF.

The NZAF has been hesitant to embrace this technology as there were concerns that people at home would not have the normal support wrapped around them while waiting for the result, particularly if they received an HIV-positive result. However, self-testing is proving to be a successful way to reach people in rural areas and small towns, and those who wish to test privately at home.

Ending HIV

Self-testing is part of NZAF’s current campaign to end HIV transmissions in New Zealand by 2025. The NZAF has been successful with its eye-catching and compelling campaigns around HIV testing and awareness (data from the AIDS Epidemiology Group, University of Otago, indicates a decline in locally acquired HIV infections in 2020, although Covid-19 may have played a part in this).

The marketing for this particular HIV self-test kit brings together what appears to be two disparate actions – brushing your teeth twice a day and getting tested for HIV twice a year. The aim is to normalise testing, and make it a habit like brushing teeth (a toothbrush is included in the self-test kit).